World Vaccination Week and the HPV Epidemic in Nigeria
World Vaccination Week Every year during the last week of April, the world observes World Vaccination Week — a reminder that vaccines save millions of lives annually. While most adults remember childhood vaccinations, one critical adult vaccine receives far too little attention: the HPV vaccine . HPV and Cervical Cancer in Nigeria Human Papillomavirus HPV is the primary cause of cervical cancer. Of the approximately 200 known HPV strains, 16 are classified as high risk — types 16 and 18 alone are responsible for roughly 70% of invasive cervical cancers worldwide. In Nigeria, the burden is severe: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among Nigerian women An estimated 14,943 new cases are diagnosed every year Approximately 10,403 women die from the disease annually It is the second leading malignancy in women aged 15–44 Transmission occurs through unprotected sexual contact, genital skin contact, oral sex, and anal intercourse. An estimated 3.5% of women carry HPV 16/18 cervical infection at any given time. Prevention Vaccination The HPV vaccine is most effective when given before first sexual exposure . Two approved vaccines are available: | Vaccine | Types covered | | | | | Cervarix bivalent | HPV 16 and 18 | | Gardasil quadrivalent/9 valent | HPV 16, 18, plus additional high risk types | The CDC recommends vaccination at ages 9–12 two doses at least 6 months apart . Those aged 15–26 require three doses. Vaccination is available for both males and females. Routine Screening Because the vaccines do not cover all high risk HPV types, routine screening remains esse